When we face stress, the HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) is activated, releasing adrenaline and cortisol into the body. While this helps us feel energized to handle challenges in the short term, long-term stress can weaken the immune system and cause various health problems. Here’s a simplified summary:
- Stress and the HPA Axis: Stress activates the HPA axis, causing adrenaline release to boost energy. However, prolonged stress can lead to digestive and immune system issues.
- Thoughts and Physical Reactions: Negative thoughts (like self-criticism) worsen stress responses and harm physical health. Long-term negative emotions (like depression) can damage the body and even affect gene expression.
- Cortisol and DHEA: Long-term stress increases adrenaline and cortisol levels, while DHEA (a hormone that helps balance cortisol) decreases. This alteration can lead to problems like weight gain, memory loss, bone loss, etc.
- Emotions and the Immune System: Research shows that negative emotions like anger and anxiety activate the HPA axis and suppress the immune system. On the other hand, positive emotions like joy and compassion can boost levels of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), a key part of the immune system’s first line of defence. Studies also found that recalling an angry experience can suppress the immune system for 6 hours. When feelings of joy, care, or empathy arise, boost IgA levels, strengthening immunity. It highlights that positive emotions have a direct, beneficial impact on health.
Stress has pros and cons: It can trigger protective mechanisms, but if prolonged, it can harm health.
Therefore, we should learn how to manage stress, maintain a positive mindset, and develop healthy habits to help reduce its negative impact.
Tip: Moderate stress can be motivating, but long-term stress harms health. Keeping a positive attitude, slowing down at work, and doing sports can help manage stress and support overall well-being.
